近日,《天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)發展“十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”規劃》正式發布。《天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)發展“十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”規劃》指出(chu),在儲量(liang)目標方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),常規天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi),“十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)新(xin)增(zeng)探(tan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)質(zhi)儲量(liang)3萬(wan)億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)累(lei)計(ji)(ji)探(tan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)質(zhi)儲量(liang)16萬(wan)億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。頁巖氣(qi)(qi),“十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)新(xin)增(zeng)探(tan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)質(zhi)儲量(liang)1萬(wan)億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)累(lei)計(ji)(ji)探(tan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)質(zhi)儲量(liang)超(chao)過(guo)1.5萬(wan)億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi),“十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)新(xin)增(zeng)探(tan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)質(zhi)儲量(liang)4200億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)累(lei)計(ji)(ji)探(tan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)質(zhi)儲量(liang)超(chao)過(guo)1萬(wan)億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。在供應(ying)能力方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),2020年(nian)(nian)國內(nei)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)綜合(he)保供能力達到(dao)3600億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)。在基礎設施(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),“十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian),新(xin)建天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)主干及配套(tao)管道(dao)4萬(wan)公里(li),2020年(nian)(nian)總(zong)里(li)程(cheng)達到(dao)10.4萬(wan)公里(li),干線(xian)輸氣(qi)(qi)能力超(chao)過(guo)4000億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/年(nian)(nian);地(di)下儲氣(qi)(qi)庫累(lei)計(ji)(ji)形(xing)成工作氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)148億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
增加國內資源供給
《天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)“十(shi)三五”規(gui)劃(hua)》寫(xie)明,要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)勘(kan)探開發(fa)(fa)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)資(zi)源(yuan)供給(gei)。按照“海(hai)陸并進(jin)、常(chang)(chang)非并舉”的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)方針,加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)基(ji)(ji)礎調查(cha)和(he)資(zi)源(yuan)評(ping)價(jia),持續加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)勘(kan)探投(tou)入,圍繞塔里木、鄂(e)爾多斯(si)、四(si)川和(he)海(hai)域(yu)四(si)大(da)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di),加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)新區、新層系風(feng)險勘(kan)探,深化老(lao)區挖潛和(he)重(zhong)點地(di)區勘(kan)探投(tou)入,夯實國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)資(zi)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)礎;在加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開發(fa)(fa)的(de)同時,加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)致密氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、頁巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、煤(mei)層氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)低品位、非常(chang)(chang)規(gui)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)科技(ji)攻關(guan)和(he)研發(fa)(fa)力度,突破技(ji)術瓶頸,實現規(gui)模效益開發(fa)(fa),形成有效產(chan)能接替。《規(gui)劃(hua)》指出,要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。“十(shi)三五”是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)期,要(yao)統籌國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)各地(di)區經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需求,整體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua),分(fen)步實施,遠(yuan)近(jin)結合,適(shi)度超(chao)前,鼓勵(li)各種(zhong)主體(ti)投(tou)資(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)。依(yi)靠科技(ji)進(jin)步,加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)研發(fa)(fa)投(tou)入,推(tui)(tui)動裝備國(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)化。加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)政府監管(guan),完(wan)善法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui),實現管(guan)道(dao)第三方準入和(he)互聯互通(tong),在保證安全(quan)(quan)運(yun)營前提下(xia),任何天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)施運(yun)營企業(ye)(ye)應(ying)當為其他企業(ye)(ye)的(de)接入請求提供便利(li)。《規(gui)劃(hua)》強(qiang)調,要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)提高調峰儲備能力。儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)施與天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)相連,是(shi)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)系統重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)組成部分(fen),是(shi)保障天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安全(quan)(quan)、穩定供應(ying)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手段。依(yi)據全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)布局建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)施,主干管(guan)道(dao)應(ying)配套建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)地(di)下(xia)儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庫(ku),地(di)下(xia)儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庫(ku)和(he)LNG接收站(zhan)應(ying)與全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)相聯通(tong),加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)城市燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)應(ying)急調峰能力建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調峰服務市場。《規(gui)劃(hua)》還強(qiang)調,要(yao)培(pei)育天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)市場和(he)促進(jin)高效利(li)用。加(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)利(li)用、推(tui)(tui)動天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)消費工(gong)程(cheng)對產(chan)業(ye)(ye)健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)具有重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用。“十(shi)三五”要(yao)抓好大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)污染(ran)治(zhi)理(li)重(zhong)點地(di)區等(deng)(deng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化工(gong)程(cheng)、天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)電及分(fen)布式能源(yuan)工(gong)程(cheng)、交通(tong)領域(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化工(gong)程(cheng)、節(jie)約替代工(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)(deng)四(si)大(da)利(li)用工(gong)程(cheng),天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)占(zhan)一次能源(yuan)消費比重(zhong)力爭提高到10%左右。
體制改革仍需加速前行
“目(mu)前的定(ding)價(jia)機制難以完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)既定(ding)目(mu)標(biao),想(xiang)要(yao)提高天(tian)然氣(qi)消費占比,完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)目(mu)標(biao)產量,需繼(ji)續加(jia)速天(tian)然氣(qi)市場化改革。加(jia)大監管力度,破除行業壟斷,減少燃氣(qi)環(huan)節中的配輸費用,降低下(xia)游用戶用氣(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)本。另外,從下(xia)游市場來(lai)看,近幾年來(lai)天(tian)然氣(qi)市場冬季供(gong)應(ying)缺口明(ming)顯縮小,但部分(fen)地(di)區冬季調峰緊張局(ju)面(mian)仍(reng)然存在,反映政府仍(reng)需加(jia)強天(tian)然氣(qi)基礎設(she)施建設(she),其中儲(chu)氣(qi)調峰設(she)施建設(she)顯得尤為重(zhong)要(yao)。”卓創資訊(xun)分(fen)析師郄婧表(biao)示。
除此之外(wai),郄婧認為,應盡快梳理(li)(li)國內各(ge)個環節(jie)目前的價格水平和(he)收費(fei)模式(shi),制定合理(li)(li)的收費(fei)政策,理(li)(li)順(shun)價格體(ti)系,逐(zhu)漸完(wan)成天然氣市場(chang)化(hua)改革。